Callery pear invasive plants association of wisconsin. The introduction of additional callery pear varieties. Its finally spring, and the callery pear trees white and beautiful along highways and suburban culdesacs are flowering again. Pyrus calleryana, or the callery pear, is a species of pear tree native to china and vietnam, in the family rosaceae. Instead, plant native alternatives, such as serviceberry, fringe tree, tupelo, or dogwood among many others.
A history of the ornamental callery pear in the united states theresa m. Prescribed fire is a common management technique in prairie ecosystems to mimic natural disturbances. There are many alternative species that can be utilized in place of callery pear. Deciduous tree bearing clusters of white flowers in early spring. In addition to this, fertile pear varieties are commonly used as the rootstock when grafting. Native missouri trees to plant instead of nonnative. Identifying pyrus calleryana by leaf, bark, fruit, flower, seed and shape. The overall shape of the tree is often described as tear. Genetic analysis of callery pear cultivars in research by theresa.
This tree is under observation and may be listed on official invasive species lists in the near future. It is indifferent to city conditions such as pollution and poor soil, making a popular urban specimen. Since they originated elsewhere, when they are first brought over to the new area, there are not any predators adapted to kill the invasive species. Watson2 introduction aristocrat callery pear quickly grows 35 to 45 feet high and 30 to 35 feet wide, with widelyspaced, uprightspreading, thornless branches fig.
The rise and fall of the ornamental callery pear tree. A history of the ornamental callery pear in the united states. The bradford pear cannot by itself produce fruit, but by hybridizing with other callery pear varieties, it has earned a spot on the growing list of invasive plants that, to many eyes, pollute any. The shiny green leaves are alternate, simple and two to three inches long. Pyrus calleryana assessment answers are underlined and in. A history of the ornamental callery pear in the united. Callery pear, also known as flowering pear or bradford pear, is among the most popular ornamental trees in the eastern united states. Bradford is the original introduction of callery pear and has an inferior branching habit when compared to other flowering pear cultivars. Seedlings just starting to show up in the south, but very likely to become very abundant in the next 510 years.
Invasive plants in pennsylvania callery or bradford pear pyrus calleryana description. View a printable list of all species regulated by nr 40 pdf or a list of plants only pdf. A deciduous tree in the rose family rosaceae growing 30 to 50 feet in height and. Callery pear can have long thorns and grows singly or in thick patches in old fields, roadsides, or forested areas. States many times since the early 1900s, first as a rootstock for. Like so many regions in new york, nearly every corner of missouri has been hit hard with the invasive spread of callery pear pyrus calleryana spp. Bradford is a very common cultivar of callery pear. Rootstock genotypes were also observed in invasive populations, with up to. Callery pear is widely planted, starting enough years ago that separate cultivars are now pollinating each other, and fruits are being produced with viable seed. This ornamental, deciduous tree can grow up to 40 feet in height. Most invasive species websites treat this as one type, under pyrus calleryana. Culley in press seed germination and seedling survival of invasive callery pear pyrus calleryana decene. Jan 27, 2019 the chanticleer callery pear was selected as the urban tree of the year in 2005 by trade arborist magazine city trees for its unique combination of resistance to blight and limb breakage, bright foliage, and great form.
Unfortunately, it wasnt until callery pears festooned practically every highway median, shopping mall parking lot, and suburban front yard that its serious flaws became apparent. Callery pear missouri department of conservation invasive species coordinator po box 180 jefferson city, mo 651020180. However, its commercial success has now become overshadowed. One of the first spring trees to bloom in maryland. Pyrus calleryana assessment answers are underlined. The invasive callery pear oklahoma state university. Callery pear invasive plant atlas basic facts and map callery pear not recommended the morton arboretum basic facts bradford pear pyrus calleryana midwest invasive species network basic facts invasive plants in pennsylvania callery or bradford pear pennsylvania extension fact sheet pdf. Callery pear tree identification identifying pyrus calleryana. Callery pear pyrus calleryana jason belcher, eastern stewardship manager. In the us callery pear ranges in the southeastern us from texas to virginia and in the midwest, ohio, indiana and illinois 4. The bradford cultivar is created when a scion cutting of a bradford tree is grafted onto the rootstock of a wildtype callery pear. The callery pear pyrus calleryana, and particularly its many. Some recommended alternatives to bradford and other callery pears.
Callery pear pyrus calleryana is a deciduous tree, more commonly known as bradford pear. The rise and fall of the ornamental callery pear tree theresa m. Diggle, amy mcpherson, beth parada, richard hund, loren h. Callery pear, pyrus calleryana callery pear pyrus calleryana is a species of pear tree native to china that was brought to the us in the early 1900s in an unsuccessful attempt to improve. To spread awareness about how the invasive callery pear causes harm to economics and environment, moip will partner with the missouri department of conservation and forest releaf for a callery pear buyback offering on april 30, 2020.
Opinion the ups and downs of the bradford pear the new. Pyrus calleryana new york state urban forestry council. In an article printed in the 2008 septoct issue of city trees, i described the columbia, missouri parks and recreation departments efforts to confront the alarming spread of invasive callery pear hybrids in our community with a campaign we called stop the spread. There has been a recent phenomenon of ornamental pear cultivars crossing and creating an invasive wild population of hybrid callery pear trees. The abundance of ornamental pear trees being planted within our community is of critical concern. Sounds bad, you say, but i dont know what callery pear is and probably dont have it in my neighborhood. Indicates undergraduate coauthor 2019 serota, tziphora and theresa m. The rise and fall of the ornamental callery pear tree arnoldia. Invasive species tend to have very few predators in their new environment. Today this tree is considered invasive in many states, in stark contrast to how it grows in its native range in asia. If white flowers are desired, choose alternate species such as flowering crabapples, serviceberry, japanese tree lilac, whitebud, yellowwood, or sevensonsshrub. Talk to city representatives about controlling callery pear on city property and programs to discourage invasive plants within the city. A beautiful forest with nothing but callery pear seedlings in the understory. Pyrus calleryana risk california invasive plant council.
Native to china, it was first brought to the united states in 1917. Several sterile does not selfpollinate cultivars were developed. This plant stems from cultivars of ornamental pears, most commonly the bradford pear. Bradford pear now widely regarded as an invasive species. The callery pear pyrus calleryana, and particularly its many cultivars such as bradford, cleveland select, and aristocrat, has become one of the most popular ornamental trees in north america.
There are several native and non invasive options that would provide the similar tree characteristics, such as easy maintenance, small stature, or beautiful spring blossoms. This invasive tree is aggressive and will invade disturbed areas and displace native plant communities throughout the southeastern us. Invasive plants missouri department of conservation. The tree, one of several cultivars of the callery pear, was brought to. Rosaceae, an ornamental tree from china, has begun appearing in disturbed areas throughout the united states. The invasive callery pear, a new fact sheet available at facts. If you look outside right now, its likely youll see callery pear in bloom. Many of your clients may request callery pear in their landscapes. Early introductions to improve disease resistance in fruiting pear.
These are necessary first steps to control the species as it begins to exert. Manual seedlings and shallowrooted plants can be pulled when soil is moist. Callery pear pyrus calleryana is a tree that is na tive to asia. Calleryana information learn about the care of callery pear. Alternate, ovate leaves turn scarlet and purple in fall. It has commonly been used as an ornamental due to its showy white flowers in early spring and beautiful fall foliage. Bradford and callery pear control missouri botanical garden. The various cultivars of this species are more commonly available than the species itself. Callery pear is often found growing in the company of many other nonnative plants and competes with both the native and nonnative species. There are several native and noninvasive options that would provide the similar tree characteristics, such as easy maintenance, small stature, or beautiful spring blossoms. Pear callery the invasive protect indiana from invasive species at repor tinvasive.
It has many vertical limbs with embedded or included bark packed closely on the trunk. Mechanicalmanual best method is to pull up seedlings and shallow rooted plants. Callery pear can have long thorns, and grows singly or in thick patches in old fields, roadsides, or forested areas. Callery pear bradford pear, pyrus calleryana rosales. Review of risks should be undertaken before selecting this tree for planting sites. Callery pear common name pyrus calleryana scientific name physical characteristics canopy potential. It is most commonly known for its cultivar bradford, widely planted throughout the united states and increasingly regarded as an invasive species pyrus calleryana is deciduous, growing to 5 to 8 m 16 to 26 ft tall, often with a conical to rounded crown. Indiana woodland steward the callery pear friend or foe. Managing callery pear do not plant callery or bradford pear. The callery pear pryus calleryana is a mediumsized tree that was introduced to the u. Callery pear pyrus calleryana homeowners fact sheet niipp. Show all show tabs callery pear general information. Callery pear invasive species fact sheet pdf, 403 kb use this publication to learn how to identify and control the callery pear, also known as bradford pear.
Callery pear pyrus calleryana response to fire in a. Callery pear is a deciduous tree growing to 3050 feet tall. Matthew field, wikimedia commons left, and bert cregg, msu right. Callery pear, pyrus calleryana master gardener program. Culley and nicole hardiman at the university of cincinnati linked the origin of these invasive. For more information or to report a population, contact your local missouri department of conservation office, email. Jan 23, 2018 the best use for callery pear, some would argue. Click on the links below or go to the missouri botanical garden plant finder to read about these plants. It has also been used as rootstock for cultivated pears. Apr 25, 2018 this report was originally published in april 2018. Biological no biological are currently known but blister mites, caterpillars, aphids are pests to the callery pear. Cultivars such as bradford and others have been widely planted as ornamentals. Pdf although few plant species escape from cultivation, some horticultural. In some locations, particularly in states south of michigan, this species may have become invasive.
Tree of heaven maryland state highway administration. This tree has a tendency to split, fall apart or uproot under wind glaze and snow events. Native to china and taiwan, callery pear has been a hot landscaping plant for decades. The simplest method of controlling the spread of callery pear is to avoid planting it. It gained popularity as an ornamental tree in the late 1950s. It is most commonly known for its cultivar bradford, widely planted throughout the united states and increasingly regarded as an invasive species. Invasive plants of missouri missouris natural heritage. Download the pdf above for information and control methods regarding the callery pear tree. Chinese yam invasive species fact sheet pdf, 353 kb. Callery pear is one of the most rapidlyspreading invasive plants in the eastern u. Callery pear has invasive traits that enable it to spread aggressively. Nonnative, invasive callerybradford pear callery pear, and cultivars of this nonnative species, such as bradford pears, are weakwooded and highly invasive, spreading quickly and growing fast.
To date, it has not been determined to be invasive in michigan. The effect of grafting on invasion success was examined in the callery pear, pyrus. The cultivated forms were thought to be sterile, but recently theyve been spreading alarmingly. Bradford was the name of the first cultivar of callery pear but is often used to refer to the species. Rosaceae, an ornamental tree from china, has begun appearing in disturbed areas throughout. Growing 50 feet tall and nearly as wide with a pyramidal to rounded shape, callery pear is both weedy and savagely thorny. Invasive species have many characteristics that help them overtake native species in their new locations. Callery pears can also easily be spread by birds and other wildlife.
Callery pear, also known as flowering pear or bradford pear, is among the most popular ornamental trees in. If the grafted crown is damaged the fertile rootstock can them dominate, producing fertile fruit. Click on the buttons below to see what species are invasive in wisconsin. Callery pear population genetics study southern forest. Their margins are wavy with a slightlytoothed margin. The buttons separate invasive plants and animals into regulated or nonregulated categories. Ultimately, this study indicates that increased spread of p. How it spreads birds consume the fruit after frost has softened it, subsequently spreading it. Remove all callery pear from your property and be vigilant in controlling new seedlings. Bradford pear pyrus calleryana callery or bradford pear, pyrus calleryana, was introduced to the united states in 1909, and its uniform shape, profuse white flowers, and bright red fall foliage made the callery pear a muchplanted ornamental throughout the southeast. Feb 05, 2020 callery pears can also easily be spread by birds and other wildlife.
If you see callery pear for sale, discuss the issue with the nursery owner. The bradford pear is the most familiar of the callery pear trees. Plant and soil sciences the mississippi state university extension service is working to ensure all web content is accessible to all users. Callery pears are selfsterile, but it turns out they readily crosspollinate with other cultivars. Educate your clients on the many problems with callery pear, including the life expectancy and invasive nature of this species. Callery pears do best in full sun but are tolerant of partial shade as well as a slew of soil types and conditions from wet soil to drought. Callery pear mississippi state university extension service. For many years the trees were sterile, not producing fruit.
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